{"id":19370,"date":"2026-08-31T09:00:22","date_gmt":"2026-08-31T09:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.langir.com\/?post_type=news&p=19370"},"modified":"2026-09-11T04:07:23","modified_gmt":"2026-09-11T04:07:23","slug":"pnp-vs-npn-output","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/www.langir.com\/tr\/news\/pnp-vs-npn-output\/","title":{"rendered":"PNP ve NPN: Bu \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 Birbirinden Ay\u0131ran Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"PNP<\/a><\/p>\n

End\u00fcstriyel d\u00fcnyada, \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli sens\u00f6r \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f t\u00fcrleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131, ayr\u0131k \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar gibi basittir; di\u011ferleri ise Ethernet veya analog \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar gibi karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r. Karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k d\u00fczeyi ne olursa olsun, bunlar\u0131n hepsi bir sens\u00f6r\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131k veya ses gibi fiziksel bir sinyali almas\u0131 ve buna elektriksel bir sinyal veya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fla yan\u0131t vermesiyle ba\u015flar. Her iki \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn de kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Ancak ayr\u0131k \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, bilmeniz gereken birka\u00e7 nokta vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131k \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 Anlamak<\/h2>\n

Ayr\u0131k \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131n iki temel t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r: elektromekanik (EM) r\u00f6le \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve kat\u0131 hal \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131. Her ikisi de ayr\u0131k \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flard\u0131r; yani bir durumun a\u00e7\u0131k ya da kapal\u0131, do\u011fru ya da yanl\u0131\u015f gibi belirli bir durumda oldu\u011funu bildirirler.<\/p>\n

Elektromekanik r\u00f6le \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131, sinyal ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n durumunu de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in mekanik bir anahtar kullan\u0131r. Bir EM r\u00f6le \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda elektrom\u0131knat\u0131s devreye girdi\u011finde, elektrom\u0131knat\u0131s bir armat\u00fcr\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ekerek bir konta\u011f\u0131 kapat\u0131r. Bu, devreyi tamamlar ve ak\u0131m\u0131n akmas\u0131na izin verir. Elektrom\u0131knat\u0131s kapand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bir yay armat\u00fcr\u00fc geri \u00e7eker, konta\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7ar ve ak\u0131m ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 keser. Bu anahtarlar, y\u00fcksek elektrik y\u00fcklerini anahtarlamada kat\u0131 hal \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6re daha etkilidir, ancak hareketli par\u00e7alar\u0131 kullan\u0131m \u00f6m\u00fcrlerini s\u0131n\u0131rlar ve kat\u0131 hal \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131na k\u0131yasla tepki h\u0131zlar\u0131 biraz daha yava\u015ft\u0131r.<\/b><\/p>\n

En yayg\u0131n ayr\u0131k \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar kat\u0131 hal \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar, ak\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7an veya kapatan bir elektronik anahtar olan transist\u00f6rlerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Kat\u0131 hal \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131, hareketli par\u00e7as\u0131 olmayan bir elektromanyetik r\u00f6le gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilirsiniz. H\u0131zl\u0131 anahtarlama h\u0131zlar\u0131 sunarlar ve darbeye ve titre\u015fime dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131rlar. Banner, hem AC hem de DC kat\u0131 hal \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131na sahip sens\u00f6rler sunar. Ancak, PNP veya NPN kat\u0131 hal \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca DC cihazlarda mevcuttur.<\/p>\n

Peki, PNP ile NPN Aras\u0131ndaki Fark Nedir?<\/h2>\n

\u0130nsanlar sens\u00f6rlerden PNP veya NPN olarak bahsetse de, bu k\u0131saltmalar asl\u0131nda cihazda kullan\u0131lan transist\u00f6r t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ifade eder. PNP ile NPN aras\u0131ndaki fark, transist\u00f6r\u00fcn i\u00e7inde bulunan yar\u0131 iletken malzemenin yap\u0131s\u0131nda yatmaktad\u0131r. Bir PNP transist\u00f6r\u00fcnde, yar\u0131 iletken malzeme \u00fc\u00e7 katmandan olu\u015fur: iki pozitif (P) katman aras\u0131nda bir negatif (N) katman bulunur; bu, Pozitif-Negatif-Pozitif veya PNP anlam\u0131na gelir. Benzer \u015fekilde, bir NPN transist\u00f6r\u00fcnde de iki negatif katman aras\u0131nda bir pozitif katman bulunur: Negatif-Pozitif-Negatif, yani NPN. Yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, her iki t\u00fcr de pozitif ve negatif g\u00fc\u00e7 u\u00e7lar\u0131na sahiptir ve ba\u011fl\u0131 bir g\u00f6sterge lambas\u0131, hub veya IO-Link master, PLC vb. gibi \"y\u00fck\" ad\u0131 verilen bir cihaza ba\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

PNP \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131<\/h3>\n

\u201cKaynak \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131\u201d olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan PNP \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, ba\u011fl\u0131 y\u00fcke ak\u0131m sa\u011flar. Elektriksel y\u00fck, sens\u00f6r \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n negatif (ortak) ucu aras\u0131na ba\u011flan\u0131r. \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f gerilimi, besleme gerilimi ile ayn\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"PNP<\/p>\n

NPN \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131<\/h3>\n

Because they provide the ground to the circuit, NPN outputs are also known as sinking outputs. In this case, the electrical load is connected between the sensor output and the positive side of the power supply. The output voltage is a ground signal. In NPN outputs, the current flows opposite that of PNP outputs.<\/p>\n

\"NPN<\/p>\n

Farkl\u0131 Sens\u00f6r \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f T\u00fcrleri<\/h2>\n

Farkl\u0131 sens\u00f6rlerin farkl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f t\u00fcrleri vard\u0131r. Bipolar sens\u00f6rler, \u00e7ift \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir yap\u0131da hem PNP hem de NPN transist\u00f6rleri i\u00e7erir. Hangi \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f t\u00fcr\u00fcne ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z oldu\u011fundan emin de\u011filseniz, ikisinden birini ba\u011flayabilirsiniz. Ancak, genellikle PLC\u2019ye yaln\u0131zca bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f ba\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fl\u0131 sens\u00f6rler ya PNP ya da NPN tipindedir. Bu cihazlar\u0131n iki \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f kablosu vard\u0131r; bunlardan biri a\u00e7\u0131k, di\u011feri kapal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir itme-\u00e7ekme \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, ayn\u0131 devre \u00fczerinde hem PNP hem de NPN \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f transist\u00f6rlerini i\u00e7erir. Devre a\u00e7\u0131k durumdayken bir PNP sinyali g\u00f6nderiyorsa, kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir NPN sinyali g\u00f6nderir (ve bunun tersi de ge\u00e7erlidir). Push-pull \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fl\u0131 sens\u00f6rler, sens\u00f6r devreye girdi\u011finde hangi \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n aktif olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7mesine olanak tan\u0131yan bir polarite ayar\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n

PNP ve NPN Ne Zaman Kullan\u0131lmal\u0131?<\/h2>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n hangi b\u00f6lgesinde bulundu\u011funuz, genellikle hangi t\u00fcr ayr\u0131k \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 belirler. Asya\u2019da \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 90\u2019u NPN kullan\u0131r. Avrupa\u2019da ise \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 90\u2019\u0131 PNP\u2019dir. Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nde ise NPN ve PNP aras\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 60\u2019a 40 oran\u0131nda bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n

Bir PLC, PNP veya NPN sinyalinden birini alg\u0131lar; bu nedenle, uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi belirli sinyale uygun do\u011fru sens\u00f6r \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun. Bu bilgi, PLC belgelerinde ve kablo \u015femalar\u0131nda yer alacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir sonraki uygulaman\u0131z \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken,\u00a0Langir Engineering\u2019deki uzmanlarla ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7in<\/a>\u00a0\u00d6zel PNP veya NPN \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 belirlemenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n

Langir\u2019in Kapasitif Anahtar K\u0131lavuzunu \u0130ndirin (PDF)<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu makale, ilk olarak Banner (bannerengineering.com) taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan teknik bilgilere dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sens\u00f6rler, ileti\u015fim kurmak i\u00e7in genellikle PNP veya NPN olarak bilinen kat\u0131 hal ayr\u0131k \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r. Bu blog yaz\u0131s\u0131, PNP ve NPN\u2019nin ne oldu\u011funu ve her birinin ne zaman kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19457,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_metasync_otto_title":"","_metasync_otto_description":"","_metasync_otto_keywords":"","_metasync_otto_canonical":"","_metasync_metakeywords":"","_metasync_otto_og_title":"","_metasync_otto_og_description":"","_metasync_otto_twitter_title":"","_metasync_otto_twitter_description":"","_metasync_seo_title":"","_metasync_seo_desc":"","_metasync_breadcrumb_title":"","_metasync_primary_category":0,"_metasync_primary_product_cat":0,"_metasync_imported_seo_title":"","_metasync_imported_seo_desc":"","_metasync_otto_disabled":"","_metasync_hreflang":"","_metasync_plugin_sync_ts":"{\"rankmath\":\"2026-08-31T09:22:20+00:00\"}","_metasync_robots_advanced":"","footnotes":""},"news_category":[4],"class_list":["post-19370","news","type-news","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","news_category-technical-information"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.langir.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news\/19370","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.langir.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.langir.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/news"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.langir.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.langir.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19370"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.langir.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news\/19370\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.langir.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19457"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.langir.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19370"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"news_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.langir.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news_category?post=19370"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}